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The Nuclear Free World Policy is a commitment by a bloc of countries known as the New Agenda Coalition (NAC) to shape foreign policy around the goal of "the elimination of nuclear weapons and assurance that they will never be produced again." The policy arose from an 18-point Joint Declaration signed by the Ministers of foreign affairs of Brazil, Egypt, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, Slovenia and Sweden on June 9, 1998. The signatories of this Joint Declaration became member-states of the NAC, although Slovenia and Sweden subsequently left the Coalition.〔(Peace and Health blog: Sweden leaves NAC, 21 May 2013 )〕 The key reason for countries that signed the Nuclear Free World Policy:
These countries are weary of nuclear weapons’ deployment above everything else. Although 8 states are exempted from ban on nuclear weapons, 5 nations retain a de jure status of a “nuclear weapon state.” These states are the United States of America, the United Kingdom, the People’s Republic of China, France and Russia—all of whom had already tested nuclear weapons before the NPT was signed. NWS’s right to possess a nuclear arsenal is countered by Article VI of the treaty, which says that they have a legal obligation to eventually disarm.〔http://www.nti.org/analysis/reports/nuclear-disarmament/〕 They also criticized NWS countries for failing to meet their obligation to disarm, in addition to criticizing the 3 states non-signatory nuclear weapons-capable states (which are considered de facto nuclear weapons states). This was stated in point 4 of the Joint Declaration of 1998:
The NAC re-iterated the criticism from its Joint Declaration of de jure nuclear-weapon states’ repeated obduracy and attempts to avoid fulfilling their Treaty obligations to eventually disarm in an address given by Irish Foreign Minister David Andrews on the occasion of the Joint Ministerial Statement.〔Andrews, D. (1998, June 9). The Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy. Joint Declaration by the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Brazil, Egypt, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Slovenia, South Africa and Sweden. 'A Nuclear-Weapons-Free World: The Need for a New Agenda.' Speech delivered in Dublin, Ireland. Retrieved from http://www.acronym.org.uk/27state.htm〕 New Zealand's stand on nuclear issues was a step on the way towards the Nuclear Free World Policy. The New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act of 1987 is seen as an embodiment of the nuclear-free world policy at the national level. Its specific goal is "to establish in New Zealand a Nuclear Free Zone, to promote and encourage an active and effective contribution by New Zealand to the essential process of disarmament and international arms control".〔New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act (1987). Retrieved from the Parliamentary Counsel Office—New Zealand Legislation website: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1987/0086/latest/whole.html#DLM115138〕 Public opinion has shifted to an overwhelmingly negative view of nuclear weapons (6), and a widespread rejection of nuclear weaponry among youth〔Soka Gakkai International. (2013). ''International Survey by SGI Shows 91% Consider Nuclear Weapons Inhumane''. (Press release). Retrieved from http://www.sgi.org/news/press-releases/press-release-2013/international-survey-sgi-youth-nuclear-weapons.html〕 make cause for optimism that this policy will be implemented in time. ==History== The nuclear-free world policy is now endorsed at the local, national and international levels. The overall anti-nuclear movement gained significant traction in 1954 after public attention was drawn to a particular incident, where the testing of a hydrogen bomb on March 1 accidentally contaminated the "Lucky Dragon", a Japanese fishing vessel. The incident drew sharp criticism from Japanese officials, seeing that the nuclear legacy of World War II was still fresh in Japanese culture. The Manhattan project would later be declassified in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 but at the time, the revelation of the progress the Manhattan project had accomplished drew a slew of criticism from the public〔Groves, L. R. (1962). “Now It Can Be Told.” New York: Harper and Brothers.〕 Much testing had taken place in the Bikini Atoll, a small group of islands in the Marshall Islands. Public protest began in 1946 in response to Operation Crossroads during its first declassifications 〔Groves, p.176〕 Several large protests with crowds over 50,000 in attendance have taken place since then, most concentrated around the period of the Cold War. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nuclear Free World Policy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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